Monday, May 18, 2020

What Does It Take A Safe Nurse The Nursing Profession...

Safety in Healthcare What does it take to be a safe nurse? The nursing profession offers many opportunities for error. Great challenges arise when trying to keep patients safe. Quality healthcare is defined by patient safety and the fulfillment of personal needs. Society, nurses, physicians, and patients themselves are responsible for ensuring that operational systems and methods are taken to illuminate the likelihood of errors occurring. As a nurse, it is important to make sure that the appropriate actions are being taken to limit the amount of mistakes that put patients and their families at risk. Although a nurse has to perform with a certain level of competency, there is always need for improvement when it comes to self-care, patient-care, and the environmental care. Responsibility relies on nurses to take care of themselves while caring for others. Living a healthy lifestyle is a constant challenge. A healthy lifestyle includes a balance of exercise and nutrition. With a large p ercentage of the population being obese, nurses have a great opportunity to educate not only their patients and families, but also, each other. The solution to improve work performance is education and training. The workload does not always offer an opportunity to eat healthy or exercise properly. According to an article produced from the ANA (American Nurses Association) by Karen Gabel Speroni, PhD, MHSA, BSN, RN titled, â€Å"Designing Exercise and Nutrition Programs to Promote Normal WeightShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Heath Related Safety Issues1210 Words   |  5 PagesSAFETY ISSUES Safety in Healthcare What does it take to be a safe nurse? The nursing profession offers many opportunities for error. Great challenges arise when trying to keep patients safe. Quality health care is defined by patient safety and the fulfillment of personal needs. Society, nurses, physicians, and patients themselves are responsible for ensuring that the operational systems and methods are taken to reduce the likelihood of errors occurring. As a nurse, it is important to make sure thatRead MoreNursing Fatigue : What Is The Blame Game And How Can It Be Prevented?1676 Words   |  7 Pages1. Nursing Fatigue: What is the blame game and how can it be prevented? Nurses have an accountability to their patients to ensure provide the highest quality care possible; and to provide high quality care nurses need adequate resting; working long shifts, night shifts, and rotating shifts, or overtime, contributes to nurse fatigue, accidents, mistakes, and errors (Reed, 2013). Nurses have an obligation to avoid errors and to advocate for safe workplace environments that prevent patient harm.Read MoreEvaluation Of A Professional Nurse1142 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to be considered a professional nurse, one must encompass a particular set of values. As a nurse, one of the many goals is to provide quality care for the client throughout the course of treatment. The quality care has varied throughout nursing history and is always being evaluated. According to the 2012 HealthLeaders’s survey, â€Å"72% of nurses rank patient satisfaction and experience as one of their top three priorities.† (http://www.healthleadersmedia.com). If the care i s not client-centeredRead MoreNurses And Licensed Practical Nurses2340 Words   |  10 Pagesregistered nurses and 690,038 licensed practical nurses in the United States. Nurses, in fact, make up the largest group of healthcare workers in the country. They are also among the most underpaid, understaffed, and overworked within the field, despite being on the front line of patient care and are helping to save lives on a regular basis. For decades there have been ramblings of an impending nursing shortage that always makes it was to the forefront of discussion. However, the nursing shortage isRead MoreProfessional Roles and Values2539 Words   |  11 PagesC304 Professional Roles and Values The face of nursing has evolved and changed since it’s inception. Today’s nurse is faced with cultural, ethical and technological issues that didn’t exist even twenty years ago. As such, nurses have had to continuously evolve to continue to provide the quality, selfless care that patients have always relied on them for, and expected, since the very beginning of nursing. From pediatrics to gerontology, nurses are serving a culturally, religiously and financiallyRead MoreLancaster General Hospital : A Voluntary, Non -profit Hospital Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesservices they offer are emergency medicine, intensive care, level II trauma center, stroke center, and urology. Some outpatient services include laboratory testing, pulmonary, function testing and radiology service. LGH received a Magnet Designation from the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) four years in a row starting from 2002. â€Å"It is granted in four year intervals and recognizes organizations for quality patient care, nursing excellence and innovations in the nursing profession† (HealthRead More Reflection Upon A Critical Incident Essay2677 Words   |  11 Pageswhilst attending a clinical placement. Reflective practice has become very popular over the last few decades throughout a variety of professions. In some professions it has become one of the defining features of competence. The wide spread utilization of reflective practice is due to the fact that it ‘rings true’ (Loughran, 2000). Within different disciplines, what is understood by reflective practice varies considerably (Fook et al, 2006). Despite this, some agreement has been achieved. In generalRead MoreI Am A Nurse : My Personal Philosophy3873 Words   |  16 Pages I am a Nurse: My Personal Philosophy Carly Windschitl Arizona State University I am a Nurse: My Personal Philosophy The profession of nursing is often looked at as taking care of sick people or treating physical well-being. Many do not realize that nursing encompasses so much more than that. It is very important to me to have a positive attitude that transfers to my coworkers and patients. I want to be committed to helping those in need and desire to be able to be a confident healthRead MoreLeadership Theory Of The Nursing Practice2611 Words   |  11 PagesSummary Major changes need to take place within the nursing leadership in order to change the culture of the nursing practice. Evidenced- based research has proven that a transformational leadership style, solid emotional intelligence, effective communication skills, and a new culture of nursing leadership are the key for growing the nursing practice. The problem is change is not happening at the top level of nursing administration, so the entry level, or clinical nurse is still practicing in the mannerRead MoreThe Necessities Of Increasing The Nurse Patient Ratio2034 Words   |  9 PagesThe Necessities of Increasing the Nurse-patient Ratio Nurses are the largest group of regulated health care providers and each one is pivotal in patient care delivery. The nurse patient ratio determines the quality of care and patient outcomes. But inappropriate nurse staffing levels are a serious threat to patients. In the absence of a formal mandated nurse- patient-ratio in Canadian health care facilities, nurses are struggling to give universal care to the Canadian population

Monday, May 11, 2020

Fear And Loathing Of Las Vegas Journalism With Acidic...

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: Journalism with Acidic Twists Hunter S. Thompson is the literary equivalent to the peyote shaman who document the world around them. Pioneering a genre called gonzo journalism, Thompson spliced nonfiction with fiction while simultaneously documenting an event in first-person. In the middle of the battlefield, up close and personal, gonzo journalism brings the main subject of the novel directly into the heart of all events, reporting in a way that is not entirely nonfiction. Now, if one would take that concept and drown it in LSD, ether, marijuana, a galaxy of pills, Sin City’s finest and two journalists who have taken enough drugs to shock the 60s†¦ then they would have Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. In†¦show more content†¦Gonzo journalism typically fits to a common theme, where two inebriated people attempt to cover a story (Colvill 31). However, with Thompsons other works, more nonfiction can typically be found. Thompsonâ€℠¢s documentation of the gang â€Å"Hell’s Angels† was very factual and in-depth, with evidence to back up a large portion of his personal experience (Colvill 15). Fear and Loathing is different. In â€Å"Gonzo Journalism: A Hybrid,† M. Gaffney writes: â€Å"While the book is obviously not a piece of pure journalism, it cannot be grouped with other fiction works†¦ The fact that we do not know how far from the truth Thompson traveled concludes that the book would have fictional tendencies but cannot be exclusively labeled as fiction† (Gaffney 3). Another author, Steven Hoover, writes in â€Å"Hunter S. Thompson and gonzo journalism: A research guide†: â€Å"Anyone interested in Gonzo Journalism or Thompson should read this book, ass it is his most famous and widely-read work. Paradoxically, it is not the finest example of Gonzo Journalism, as the book is closer to a novel than a work of journalism. Nonetheless, it is the pinnacle of the Gonzo writing style, and is loosely based on actual events of a trip that Thompson and his lawyer, Oscar Zeta Acosta, took to Las Vegas† (Hoover 18). For analyzing the tone using this contextual information, one can expect the validity of the situations to be construed while still maintaining realism. That fact coupled with the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Meet the Miller Essay examples - 789 Words

Meet the Miller In the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer presents his reader with a blend of unlikely yet entertaining characters that find themselves on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. Chaucer then describes the different characteristics and the outward appearances of these characters at length. He probably does so in order to bring these characters to life, giving us a more vivid understanding of what kind of people they were. The Miller is one of the most vivid characters that I have encountered in Chaucers work for he is perfectly delineated as the man he is, without including any unnecessary detail. The Miller is described as a short and sturdy man who possesses uncanny strength. The undisputed champion of†¦show more content†¦Norton, 554-557. With a face like that, I would not mind charging at doors, either. But even though our Miller is an uncouth, unmannered and disgusting lower-class citizen, he is a product and a true representation of the society he lives in. If we look beyond the negative impressions that the Millers behavior and appearance create in us, I am sure we can find at least some worthy attribute that will change our opinion of him. To our astonishment, Chaucer informs us that the Miller possesses a humorous and a poetic soul for he is a janglere (chatterer) and a goliardais (teller of obscene stories) (Norton, 562). But all and any remaining good opinion that the reader may have about the Miller is crushed by Chaucers next lines that complete his description of our working-class hero: He was a janglere and a Goliardais, And that was moost of synne and harlotries. Wel koude he stelen corn and tollen thries; And yet he hadde a thombe of gold, pardee. Norton, 562-565. Our Miller does compose songs, tales and even poems. Unfortunately, they are all about sinful and immoral topics, as we see by the fabliau that he later tells to his fellow travelers. 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Simon Armitage †Comparison of Two Poems Free Essays

Simon Armitage’s poetry is basically all about regular objects and people which have been twisted to make the objects and people seem peculiar and strange. His poetry makes many people think about the poem and why it is like this. I have been studying his poetry in depth to see what is behind the poems, all together I have analysed five poems; the poem without a title which is sometimes called ‘I am very bothered’; this is about an incident involving a young boy at school in a science lab, ‘Poem’ is about the good and the bad events that a man has done to his family, ‘It ain’t what you do it what it does to you’ is about what a person has and has not done, ‘Cataract operation’ is what a person sees after they have had a cataract operation and ‘About his person’ is about personal belongings found on a deceased man and how they represent his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Simon Armitage – Comparison of Two Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of his poems relate to each other; ‘Poem’ and ‘I am very bothered’ are both in sonnet form suggesting they relate to love in one way or another. In ‘I am very bothered’ love is expressed through a thirteen year old boy in a science lab asking him to marry him in an extraordinary way, the incident is very ambiguous and many images are painted in the readers head with images about love but in an odd way, he uses words such as â€Å"rings† and â€Å"eternity†, these give the idea of love but Armitage uses these words to describe a boy asking someone to marry him by burning their fingers. This is very odd but Armitage has twisted the sonnet form and the love words in to make the poem a very extraordinary poem. The sonnet form is also used in ‘Poem’, it is very surprising that the sonnet form is used in this poem as the reader at the end of the poem is left with hatred due to what the character in the poem has done. ‘I am very bothered’ and ‘Poem’ are both about treating someone badly but ‘I am very bothered’ is in first person and is only about one extraordinary incident the character did when he was thirteen but ‘Poem’ is in third person and is about a lifetime of what an ordinary character did right and wrong. In this poem love is expressed through the characters family; the reader can tell the character in the poem loved his family as he â€Å"praised his wife for every meal she made† and â€Å"always tucked his daughter up at night, the man seems like an ordinary family man but at the end of each stanza from the sonnet it informs the reader of what he has done wrong in his life; he â€Å"punched her in the face†, this makes the reader shocked and surprised of what the character has done in the poem. This makes the poem seem strange and peculiar. The comparison between the things the character did wrong and right is big but strange; although the character does a lot more good things than bad he is remembered for all the bad things he has done by the reader, this might be because the bad events are at the end of each stanza and the bad events are very shocking and hurtful towards his family. The poet wants the reader to think that the man is very normal, he reflects the man through the poem; the title is very ordinary and boring just like the man, the use of the word ‘and’ makes the poem seem ordinary, the use of words with only one syllable makes the poem seem ordinary and the rhythm of the poem is also very plain and boring. Armitage uses iambic pentameter, he uses this in many of his poems like ‘It ain’t what you do it what it does to you’ and ‘Poem’. Iambic pentameter is used in many sonnets; its meaning is ten beats per line. ‘It ain’t what you do it what it does to you’ is a poem about what a man has and hasn’t done. To describe these two things he has used two different types of language; colloquial and formal. Armitage has used colloquial language before in ‘I am very bothered’, in that instance he uses it to describe what a character has done when he was thirteen, a thirteen year old would probably use colloquial language. But in ‘It ain’t what you do it what it does to you’ he uses colloquial language to describe what the character has not done; â€Å"bummed† and â€Å"wobbly†, this explains to the reader that it is nothing special that he has done. Armitage even uses this language in the title â€Å"Ain’t†. Using formal language to describe what the character has done it gives some feel and thought into the poem â€Å"inertia†, â€Å"toyed† and â€Å"padded†. It also gives the reader a sense of wonder and awe. The structure of the poem is very plain and simple, just like you would see on a normal poem you would read; it uses four quatrains. Armitage normally uses the structure of the poem to give his poems some feel and compassion, for example using sonnets in â€Å"I am very bothered† and â€Å"Poem† but for â€Å"It ain’t what you do it what it does to you† he uses a straight forward structure, it might be because he wants the reader to think the poem is very ordinary and what the character has done is very ordinary too. Throughout the final stanza of the poem there is some enjambment â€Å"tiny cascading sensation/somewhere inside us† as the lines flow from one to another, mirroring the effect of the fluid feeling â€Å"cascading sensation† he is trying to describe. There is also some enjambment in the middle of the poem describing something the character has done, â€Å"skimmed flat stones across black moss†, the enjambment gave the affect of the stones leaping like they do on black moss. The alliteration of the ‘s’ does this also by using the ‘s’ every two syllables. Alliteration is also used in ‘I am very bothered’ in this circumstance Armitage uses alliteration to describe a burning sensation by using a ‘b’ sound â€Å"Bunsen burner/branded/burning†. Some of the last stanzas in Armitage poems refer back to the title; in ‘It ain’t what you do it what it does to you’ the last line of the poem is â€Å"That feeling I mean†, not only is at a line which makes the reader refer back to the title it is also a type of question. It is asking the reader if they know what the character is talking about. Armitage also does this in ‘Poem’; â€Å"Sometimes he did this, sometimes he did that. † Armitage characteristically refuses to judge the man leaving the reader with a question. The last line refers back to the title in a poem called ‘Cataract operation’, the last line is â€Å"I drop the blind but not before a company of half dozen hens struts through the gate, looks around the courtyard for a contact lens†, in this short passage there is two references becoming back to the cataract; one where the character drops the blind and where the hens look around the courtyard for a contact lens, in this instance an image is painted in the readers head of hens pecking around a garden just like a blind person would be doing when trying to find something. Cataract operation’ is about a washing line becoming a â€Å"pantomime†; this is very economical as in just one word it illustrates how lively, colourful and entertaining the washing line is. Armitage uses a lot of metaphors to show how lively the washing line is, the metaphors give the reader a clear but strange image of what the washing line is doing; â€Å"the cancan of a rara ski rt, the monkey business of a shirt. † In this passage alone there are two metaphors inside it; the skirt isn’t really doing the cancan but it seems and looks like it is and the shirt is not really doing monkey business it just looks as if it is. By using metaphors it paints images inside the reader’s head of what the washing line looks like, it looks alive! This is the only poem where metaphors make the ordinary extraordinary; it takes a very imaginative mind to think of metaphors. As well as the passage containing metaphors it also contains personification; the cancan is usually done by people. Personification is very rarely used in the poems Armitage writes, the poems I have read that are written by Armitage are all about people anyway so personification is not needed. There is also rhyme in ‘Cataract operation’; â€Å"hens† and â€Å"lens†, â€Å"skirt† and â€Å"shirt†. But the rhymes in the poem are disguised as they are not where you would expect them to be, Armitage may be using this to represent the poem; the poem being strange and unthinkable. The simile at the start of ‘Cataract operation’ is a visual representation of the sun rising and being born for the next day â€Å"The sun comes like a head through last night’s turtleneck. â€Å", this is the only simile of the poem, another simile is seen in â€Å"About his person†, this simile symbolises death â€Å"a rolled-up note of explanation planted there like a spray carnation†. These two similes are to do with two very different things even though ‘Cataract operation’ and ‘About his person’ are very similar poems; they both have rhyming couplets inside them and are both 20 lines wrong, but they are also very different; ‘About his person’ is all about death, violence and finality but ‘Cataract operation’ is about liveliness, entertainment and magic. The two similes represent this. ‘About his person’ is about personal belongings found on a deceased man and how they represent his life. The language used in the poem is very plain and ordinary, maybe representing the character in the poem. The poem is basically a list of what has been found, very simple and straight forward unlike ‘Cataract operation’ where it is very hard to understand what is happening. In ‘Poem’ a list is also used with the repetition of the word â€Å"and†, it makes the poem seem ordinary just like ‘About his person’. End stopping words are used in the poem; â€Å"Stopped† represents the finality of the man but is used in the poem to describe an analogue watch that was found on the man. â€Å"That was everything† is also and end stopping phrase at the end of the poem, this cuts off the poem dead just like the character was. The items found on the man give the reader series of pictures or images that are factual snapshots. The choice of words in this list shows how a poet can play with multiple meanings to great effect. The title itself can be read in two ways, as can the final line. Many of the words have very violent overtones of finality – ‘expiry’, ‘beheaded’ – and all of these meanings are consciously worked on by the poet. These words describe objects that are found on the man, this is a bit ironic as the man that the objects are found on is dead. All the poems I have analysed that are written by Armitage all link together in one way or another. At first impressions Armitage makes his poems look extraordinary but when looked in depth the poem is actually ordinary but in a twisted way, e. g. in ‘Poem’ the reader thinks that the character is a very nasty man by doing very horrible things to his family. Armitage does this by putting the nasty events the character does at the end of each line, the reader then remembers the character by what he has done wrong. But when the poem is looked into, the amount of good things the man did nicely actually overrules the things he did nastily. The character now looks like an ordinary man but as the nasty events are out of the blue it makes the reader think that the character is very malevolent. Armitage uses metaphors, similes, personification and imagery to make the poems he writes extraordinary. Imagery is the key thing in poetry, if the reader can not imagine the poem coming to life then the poem is useless, Armitage uses imagery to paint images inside reader’s head that makes the poem seem strange and odd. Armitage’s poetry makes the reader think twice of what is put in the poems. Colloquial and formal language is also used to describe what a character has done in a poem, if Armitage wants the reader to think that something is boring he uses colloquial language and if he wants the reader to think that something is amazing and exciting then he uses formal language. Armitage makes the reader think what he wants them to think and from this he controls the readers mind to think of something that is very extraordinary. How to cite Simon Armitage – Comparison of Two Poems, Papers Simon Armitage – Comparison of Two Poems Free Essays Simon Armitage writes about a range of different topics. In the two poems I have chosen, he focuses on people and personal experience. I will briefly describe both poems and show how each poem reveals something about Human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Simon Armitage – Comparison of Two Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will begin with the poem â€Å"About his person†. This poem lists all the items a dead man had upon him when he was discovered. In many ways, these objects represent the mans life. It reads like a police report. Although the poem cannot tell us anything about the mans thoughts, it tells us a lot about the mans life. The poem is deceptively simple. There is a pun in the title. â€Å"About his person† is a formal way of saying â€Å"he had on him† but it also emphasises that the poem is about a dead person. This is an example of how Armitage uses ambiguous language. Also, his technique of colloquial language makes his poems more meaningful. Both poems are about ordinary people. Another example of ambiguous language is: â€Å"A give-away photograph stashed in his wallet, A keepsake banked in the heart of a locket†. We ask ourselves, is the photograph â€Å"stashed in his wallet† the equivalent of a keepsake in a locket, or were they two separate items. The photographs makes us think that he may have had loved ones. After all it is human nature to love someone. Armitage uses a simile in line twelve. Up until line twelve the diction is factual and plain. In line 12, he compares the note of explanation to a spray carnation. Carnations being funeral flowers, are associated with death or a funeral and reminds us that that somehow the man died. The use of language points towards how humans experience depression and even suicide. In this poem, each item is described precisely. Armitage begins the list with a normal à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.50 in the mans pocket, â€Å"exactly†. He mentions â€Å"a library card on its date of expiry†. The card is invalid. Just like the mans life it means nothing, its worthless. The poem also mentions a â€Å"mortise lock† also known as a death lock, â€Å"an analogue watch, self-winding, stopped†. These items are listed in terms of death. Could this list of deathlike items be a reason for a human to commit suicide? We are intrigued by the final line, â€Å"A final demand†, what does this mean? The postcard is also a mystery but it indicates family or loved ones. â€Å"A ring of white unweathered skin†, â€Å"No gold No silver†. Obviously, the man used to wear a ring but he no longer does. Was he divorced? Or maybe his wife died. We can link those last few lines to line six about the first of April (i.e. April fools day.) This indicates that someone was fooled. Perhaps, he was fooled by his wife. The last line, â€Å"That was everything†, finalises the poem. His whole life shown by the list, everything. The poem is structured in rhyming couplets. It is short and precise and consists of 10 â€Å"two line stanza’s†. The poem has a simple form. The poet uses imagery e.g. The photo in his wallet leads us to imagine that he had loved ones. The â€Å"carnations† make us imagine a memorial service. We are born and than we die, it is nature. â€Å"No gold or silver† but a mark where a ring had once been indicates a failed relationship. He was being selfish if, he had committed suicide but we are still sympathetic. The poem gives a pessimistic outlook on life. The poem is sad, mourning and depressing. There isn’t much feeling but there is a lot of meaning. The tone is deadpan. There is a slow rhythm to indicate death and sorrow. The rhyming within couplets gives an air of finality and completeness. The poem â€Å"I am very bothered† is written differently. It is like a direct confession. The colloquial language used is very appropriate. There is not much rhyme in this poem. It is quite simple just as a thirteen-year-old boy would write; he uses words such as â€Å"butterfingered†. The first stanza tells us he is bothered about many things he has done in his life and not least the time he burned her hand in the â€Å"chemistry lab†. The word chemistry makes us think of love and emotion. The poem is typical of how far a human being would go to get some-ones attention but we have to remember that the boy is only thirteen and incapable of expressing his love for the girl he wished to marry. The girl is anonymous, why? , Perhaps to avoid embarrassment. He â€Å"played the handles† of the scissors as if it were a game. An example in this poem of Armitage’s ambiguous language is: the â€Å"naked lilac flame†. The two different meanings I have discovered are, the flame is unprotected and can do damage, and the boy may have been thinking of a naked girl. The writer addresses the girl as â€Å"you† as if she was present. The words â€Å"unrivalled stench† and â€Å"eternity† emphasise how serious the burning actually was. Was the boy branding the girl as his just as farmer’s brand their herd â€Å"eternity† is a strong word. It means forever but it also makes us think of eternity rings. â€Å"did they meet in later like and get married? The girl will be scarred. She will always remember the incident. The poem is quite personal but also sarcastic. The poem is about forgiveness, shame and guilt. The writer manipulates us in the last stanza: â€Å"Don’t believe me, please, if I say That was just my butterfingered way, at thirteen, Of asking you if you would marry me.† He asks us not to believe him but I think it is obvious that he wants us to believe him. He is felling guilty. The poem begins with and slow sorrowful rhythm but speeds up towards the end. There is a pleading, sorrowful and emotional tone. The first stanza is a bout the planning of what he will do. It is almost as if he takes a deep breath before he starts the second stanza where he actually carries out the â€Å"experiment†. It describes what he does and what happens. The third stanza is about his regrets. The poem reads like a script and there is some rhyme. As I mentioned before the word naked gives us two different images, as does the word â€Å"eternity†. Is a sign of never-ending love but we may also think of eternity rings. The poem goes from the writer finding enjoyment in what he did to his confession of what he did. The poem is an example of human nature i.e. The boy loves the girl, is uncapable of showing his feelings and so he hurts her. It seems ironic but it happens. This poem reveals that people make mistakes and usually the want forgiveness. Armitage’s use of language has helped reveal a lot about human nature particularly in the second poem, which is quite typical, of what a thirteen year old boy might do to gets a girls attention. How to cite Simon Armitage – Comparison of Two Poems, Papers

Economic- opportunity costs free essay sample

Opportunity cost refers to what you have to give up to buy what you want in terms of other goods or services. When economists use the word cost, we usually mean opportunity cost. The word cost is commonly used in daily speech or in the news. For example, cost may refer to many possible ways of evaluating the costs of buying something or using a service. Friends or newscasters often say It cost me $150 to buy the iPhone I wanted. Definitions and Basics Opportunity Cost, from the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics When economists refer to the opportunity cost of a resource, they mean the value of the next-highest-valued alternative use of that resource. If, for example, you spend time and money going to a movie, you cannot spend that time at home reading a book, and you cant spend the money on something else. If your next-best alternative to seeing the movie is reading the book, then the opportunity cost of seeing the movie is the money spent plus the pleasure you forgo by not reading the book. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic- opportunity costs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Getting the Most Out of Life: The Concept of Opportunity Cost, by Russ Roberts on Econlib To get the most out of life, to think like an economist, you have to be know what youre giving up in order to get something else. Sometimes people are very happy holding on to the naive view that something is free. We like the idea of a bargain. We dont want to hear about the hidden or non-obvious costs. Thinking about foregone opportunities, the choices we didnt make, can lead to regret. Choosing this college means you cant go to that one. Marrying this person means not marrying that one. Choosing this desert (usually) means missing out on that one. Opportunity Cost, a LearnLiberty video. Prof. Don Boudreaux explains what economists mean when they talk about unintended consequences. Opportunities and Costs, by Dwight Lee. At CommonSenseEconomics. com. PDF file at CommonSenseEconomics. com first published in The Freeman Economics has been called the dismal science because it studies the most fundamental of all problems, scarcity. Because  of scarcity we all face the dismal reality that there are limits to what we can do. No matter how productive we become, we can never accomplish and enjoy as much as we would like. The only thing we can do without limit is desire more. Because of scarcity, every time we do one thing we necessarily have to forgo doing something else desirable. So there is an opportunity cost to everything we do, and that cost is expressed in terms of the most valuable alternative that is sacrificed. In the News and Examples Opportunity cost, rock concerts, and grades: A Fable of the OC, by Mike Munger on Econlib. You get to the box office about midnight, but dont sleep much because its noisy. Finally, sleep does come. It only seems like a few minutes later when the clank of the ticket window opening wakes you at 8:00 am. In the sunlight, you notice that there are way more people in line than you thought. Thousands, in fact. You may not get tickets, even after camping out But you start thinking about opportunity cost, the big OC. You recall from economics class that the OC is about foregone alternatives. In other words, the cost of doing one thing is all the other things you dont get to do as a result. I used this fable (sort of—it was Bruce Springsteen then) as a test question in my intermediate Microeconomics class at Dartmouth College. Biggest cost of college is what students could otherwise earn by working: Human Capital, by Nobel Prize winner Gary Becker in the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics Tuition and fees are not, for most college students, the major cost of going to college. On average, three-fourths of the private cost of a college educationthe cost borne by the student and the students familyis the income that college students give up by not working. A good measure of this opportunity cost is the income that a newly minted high school graduate could earn by working full-time. During the 1980s and 1990s, this forgone income rose only about 4 percent in real terms. Therefore, even a 67 percent increase in real tuition costs in twenty years translated into an increase of just 20 percent in the average students total cost of a college education.